conclusions this study shows lower anti-hbs among students who were vaccinated at infancy compared to those vaccinated at older childhood or adolescence. also, subsequent measurement of anti-hbs level at the time of entrance to university is recommended for all previously immunized students. results vaccination coverage rates were 74.1%. about half the participants didn’t show serological evide...

tetanus can be only prevented by vaccination because immunity against this disease is rarely acquired, even by natural infections. to maintain long-term protective immunity against tetanus, booster immunization is essential for adolescents and adults. most hospitalized cases and virtually all deaths occur in people over 60 years of age. the purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of...

Protective immunity to larval Strongyloides stercoralis in mice has been shown to be dependent on antibody, complement, and granulocytes. The goals of the present study was to determine the following: (1) whether human serum could passively transfer immunity to mice, (2) the mechanism by which the serum mediated killing, and (3) whether the antigens (Ags) recognized by the protective human anti...

measles, mumps and rubella are viral infectious diseases that may result in serious complications. since the production of vaccines, the number of cases of these diseases has been dropped. nevertheless, these infectious diseases are still one of the major health problems in developing countries. in this study, in order to evaluate the protective responses against measles, mumps and rubella, the...

Whether or not primary norovirus infections induce protective immunity has become a controversial issue, potentially confounded by the comparison of data from genetically distinct norovirus strains. Early human volunteer studies performed with a norovirus-positive inoculum initially led to the conclusion that primary infection does not generate long-term, protective immunity. More recently thou...